What is Anagen Effluvium?

Anagen effluvium is a type of hair loss that occurs during the anagen, or growth, phase of the hair cycle. The hairs are typically broken off as opposed to shedding.  This type is frequently affiliated with chemotherapy and radiation.  It can also be a result of severe protein energy malnutrition, autoimmune disorder(s), alopecia areata and the exposure of toxic elements.

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What Causes Anagen Effluvium?

The primary cause of anagen effluvium is exposure to toxic substances that disrupt hair follicle function. Common causes include:

• Chemotherapy: The most common cause, as the drugs target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.

• Radiation therapy: Especially when directed at the head or neck.

• Toxic chemicals: Such as those found in certain industrial settings or environmental exposures.

• Medications: Some medications, apart from chemotherapy, can cause this type of hair loss.

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What are the Symptoms of Anagen Effluvium?

The main symptom of anagen effluvium is the rapid and extensive loss of hair from the scalp and potentially other parts of the body. This can occur within days to weeks after exposure to the causative agent. Other symptoms may include:

• Brittle hair

• Changes in hair texture

• Possible scalp sensitivity or tenderness

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How Does Anagen Effluvium Progress?

Anagen effluvium typically begins very quickly after exposure to the causative agent, with noticeable hair loss occurring within a short time frame. The hair loss can be diffuse or patchy but is generally more pronounced than in other types of hair loss. If the underlying cause is addressed, hair regrowth may begin within a few months, though the texture and color of the new hair might initially differ from the original hair.  For those with anagen effluvium caused by chemotherapy, regrowth may be slow and in some cases may require management by a dermatologist.  

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How is Anagen Effluvium Diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually involves a combination of patient history, clinical examination, and sometimes additional tests such as:

• Scalp biopsy: To examine the hair follicles and identify any abnormalities, but often not necessary,  If the pull test produces numerous telogen hairs, this is more indicative of telogen effluvium.

• Trichoscopy: A magnified inspection of the scalp and hair.

• Hair Collection: Collection of shedded hair should be collected over a specific period of time.  

• Blood tests: May be ordered to rule out other underlying conditions or deficiencies.

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What are the Treatment Options for Anagen Effluvium?

• Discontinuation or adjustment of causative medication: If feasible.

• Topical minoxidil: May help with the regrowth process.

• Good scalp care: Gentle washing and avoiding harsh chemicals etc.

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Coping with Anagen Effluvium

• Support Groups: Joining support groups can provide emotional comfort and practical advice.

• Wigs and head coverings: These can help boost confidence and provide comfort.

• Counseling: Professional therapy can be beneficial for dealing with the emotional impact of hair loss.

• Healthy lifestyle: Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and good sleep can support overall well-being and potentially aid hair regrowth.

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Conclusion

Anagen effluvium can be a distressing condition due to the rapid and noticeable hair loss it causes. It may be reversible with the understanding of the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.  If you suspect you have anagen effluvium, consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of action and support for your hair health journey.